An Overview of the political system of Qatar
The modern State of Qatar gained its independence from the
UK on September 3, 1971. The country's constitution was
ratified by public referendum on April 29, 2003; it was
endorsed by the Emir on June 8, 2004; and it became
effective on June 9, 2005.
Executive Branch:
Qatar is an emirate, and its Head of State (since 1995) is
the Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani. He also holds
the positions of Minister of Defense and Commander-in-Chief
of the Armed Forces. The emirate is hereditary, so there are
no elections for this position. The heir apparent is Sheikh
Tamim Bin Hamad Al-Thani.
The head of government is the Prime Minister Hamad bin Jasim
bin Jabir al-Thani (since 2007), and the Deputy Prime Minister is
Ahmad bin Abdallah al-Mahmud (since 2011). These positions are appointed
by the Emir.
There is also a cabinet/council of ministers, which is appointed by the
Emir.
Legislative Branch:
The Advisory Council can draft and approve laws, but final say
is in the hands of the Emir. The Council has 45 members, 30 of whom are elected
by direct, general secret ballot, and 15 of whom are
appointed by the Emir. The next election is scheduled for 2013.
Judicial Branch:
In 2007, an Administrative Court, a Constitutional Court, and
Courts of First Instance, Appeal, and Cassation were established. All judges are appointed by
Amiri degree, on the recommendation of the Supreme Judiciary Council (established in 1999). Terms are
for three years. The legal system is based on Islamic and civil law codes,
and a discretionary system of law controlled by the Emir.
Islamic law dominates family and personal issues.
Other:
Additionally, in May 2011, Qatar held nationwide elections
for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has
limited consultative powers aimed at improving the provision
of municipal services. (The first CMC election had been held
in March 1999). Terms are for four years.
Male and female Qataris aged 18 and older are able to vote,
and run as candidates for election.
There are no political parties in Qatar.
For more information, see:
